Question - Is it possible to freeze water above 0 C? If so, what
are the additives and or conditions that must be met to accomplish this?
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Michael,
The colligative property known as the "freezing point depression" states that
adding substances to water will serve to make its freezing point lower not
higher.
The only way I can imagine one could be able to get water to freeze above O C
is to decrease the atmospheric pressure - and even then it would not be by
much. Look up a phase diagram of water and you will get the idea that since
the solidus-liquidus line of water has a negative slope, that in order to
freeze liquid at a higher T, you would have to decrease P. But the triple
point is at 4.6 torr and 0.01 C, which means that you are limited to going up
to that.
Greg (Roberto Gregorius)
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Yes it is possible to change (sometimes increase, other times decrease) the
freezing point of water by increasing the pressure. How the freezing point
changes with pressure is presented diagrammatically as a "phase diagram".
This web site:
http://www.martin.chaplin.btinternet.co.uk/index.html is an
up-to-date comprehensive resource on the properties of that most
extraordinarily weird substance--water. For the phase diagram, click on the
"The phase diagram of water" in the index of the web site. Remarkably, and
recently, "super clusters" of water in the liquid state have been
identified -- for example, (H2O)14 and even
(H2O)280. Another way to increase the freezing point of ice is to use the
isotopic deuterium form of water (D2O). The freezing point of (D2O) is about
+ 3 C.
Vince Calder