Krille
Super Moderator
Vi citerar valda delar av den fullständiga rapporten.Vilka var det? Har man gjort någon uppföljande undersökning av flickor i deras omgivning? Hade de några systrar som fick vara med i undersökningen?
Från Methods:
Från Results:Questionnaires completed independently by the parents included Bates' Child Behavior and Attitude Questionnaire and the Child Game Participation Questionnaire, each with masculinity and femininity subscores, validated according to the method of Meyer-Bahlburg et al. Two questionnaires administered to the parents were semi-structured and probing in style and included the Gender-Role Assessment Schedule (parent version), validated according to the methods of Meyer-Bahlburg et al. and Lish et al., and a psychosexual-history questionnaire written by the first author, which was not validated but which provided further clarification of the parents' and subjects' responses to the study instruments. Questionnaires administered to subjects included Grellert's structured Childhood Play Activities Questionnaire and the psychosexual-history questionnaire. The Gender-Role Assessment Schedule and the psychosexual history evaluated, in addition to sexual role, the subjects' sexual preference and stated sexual identity.
Twelve of these subjects have sisters: parents described equivalent child-rearing approaches and attitudes toward the subjects and their sisters. However, parents described a moderate-to-pronounced unfolding of male-typical behaviors and attitudes over time in these subjects — but not in their sisters. Parents reported that the subjects typically resisted attempts to encourage play with female-typical toys or with female playmates or to behave as parents thought typical girls might behave. These 14 subjects expressed difficulties fitting in with girls. All but one played primarily or exclusively with male-typical toys.
Parents noted substantial difficulty attempting to dress the subjects — but not their sisters — in clearly feminine attire after about four years of age.
Subjects 7 and 8 have persistently and spontaneously declared their sexual identity as males since the age of nine years, before the initial assessment. They live as females because their parents have rejected their declarations.
Från Discussion:All subjects living as female expressed difficulty fitting in with female peers (genetic females with cloacal exstrophy did not), although those converting to male sex reported few subsequent social problems with females. All 16 subjects described few difficulties fitting in with males.
In our subjects with cloacal exstrophy, the finding of histologically normal testes at orchiectomy in the neonatal period would imply that the brain developed within a male-typical prenatal hormonal milieu.